{"id":83,"date":"2023-06-27T21:17:16","date_gmt":"2023-06-27T21:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/polanco420.com\/?p=83"},"modified":"2023-06-27T21:17:16","modified_gmt":"2023-06-27T21:17:16","slug":"oaxaca-has-americas-deepest-cave-whats-been-discovered-inside-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/polanco420.com\/?p=83","title":{"rendered":"Oaxaca has America\u2019s deepest cave; what\u2019s been discovered inside it?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_featured_image tdi_124 tdb-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_124\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\">\n<figure><a class=\"td-modal-image\" href=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-3-c-sm-Rappel-into-who-knows-where.jpg\" data-caption=\"Abbe Hamilton rappelling into the remote La Grieta section of Sistema Huautla. (Niles Lathrop)\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb td-animation-stack-type0-2\" title=\"Copy of 3----c sm-Rappel-into-who-knows-where\" src=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-3-c-sm-Rappel-into-who-knows-where-696x680.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-3-c-sm-Rappel-into-who-knows-where-696x680.jpg 696w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-3-c-sm-Rappel-into-who-knows-where-300x293.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-3-c-sm-Rappel-into-who-knows-where-768x750.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-3-c-sm-Rappel-into-who-knows-where-150x146.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-3-c-sm-Rappel-into-who-knows-where.jpg 850w\" alt=\"Abbe Hamilton rappelling into the remote La Grieta section of Sistema Huautla.\" width=\"696\" height=\"680\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"tdb-caption-text\">Abbe Hamilton rappelling into the remote La Grieta section of Sistema Huautla. (Niles Lathrop)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_post_share tdi_125  td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_125\">\n<div id=\"tdi_125\" class=\"td-post-sharing tdb-block td-ps-bg td-ps-notext td-post-sharing-style1 \">\n<div class=\"td-post-sharing-visible\">\n<div class=\"td-social-sharing-button td-social-sharing-button-js td-social-handler td-social-share-text\">\n<div class=\"td-social-but-icon\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-social-but-text\">Share<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td-social-but-icon\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-social-but-icon\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-social-but-icon\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"td-social-but-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_127  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\">\n<div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_129  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_content tdi_130 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 td-post-content tagdiv-type\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_130\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\">\n<p>In the 1960\u2019s, a group of cave explorers from Austin, Texas, got the idea that the state of Oaxaca was the right place to search for that really deep cave they had long dreamed of finding.<\/p>\n<p>They had been studying the mountainous areas of Mexico for some time, looking for just the right combination of factors: thick limestone, lots of annual rainfall and a lack of surface streams, which would indicate subterranean drainage.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_223613\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-223613\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-223613 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-5-d-sm-Sierra-Mazateca.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-5-d-sm-Sierra-Mazateca.jpg 850w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-5-d-sm-Sierra-Mazateca-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-5-d-sm-Sierra-Mazateca-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-5-d-sm-Sierra-Mazateca-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-5-d-sm-Sierra-Mazateca-696x522.jpg 696w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-5-d-sm-Sierra-Mazateca-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-5-d-sm-Sierra-Mazateca-265x198.jpg 265w\" alt=\"La Sierra Mazateca, which houses Sistema Huautla.\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-223613\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">La Sierra Mazateca, which houses the Sistema Huautla. (PESH)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Once they pinpointed Oaxaca\u2019s Huautla area, which sees 100 inches of rainfall every year, they acquired stereo aerial photos and spotted large cave entrances with visible streams \ufb02owing into them. They also noted that there was a newly constructed road into the area.<\/p>\n<p>The stage was set for a major discovery.<\/p>\n<p>Starting in 1965, they were soon exploring three beautiful and challenging caves near Huautla:\u00a0S\u00f3tano de San Agustin, La Grieta and Nita Nanta. In time It became clear that these and other caves they kept finding were interconnected, all part of one big cave system, which eventually became known as Sistema Huautla.<\/p>\n<p>More and more cavers from the United States, Mexico and around the world were attracted to Huautla, and in 2013 an international team of cave divers rappelled down chasms as tall as skyscrapers to reach a depth of 1,554 meters, making\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/mexicolife\/the-most-magnificent-cave-on-earth\/\">Huautla<\/a>\u00a0the deepest cave not only in the Americas but in the entire western hemisphere.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_223612\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-223612\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-223612 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-1-a-sm-700-m-deep-in-sotano-de-sn-agustin-by-Bill-Stone.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-1-a-sm-700-m-deep-in-sotano-de-sn-agustin-by-Bill-Stone.jpg 850w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-1-a-sm-700-m-deep-in-sotano-de-sn-agustin-by-Bill-Stone-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-1-a-sm-700-m-deep-in-sotano-de-sn-agustin-by-Bill-Stone-768x523.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-1-a-sm-700-m-deep-in-sotano-de-sn-agustin-by-Bill-Stone-150x102.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-1-a-sm-700-m-deep-in-sotano-de-sn-agustin-by-Bill-Stone-696x474.jpg 696w\" alt=\"Inside San Agustin, Huautla\" width=\"850\" height=\"579\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-223612\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">700 meters deep inside Sistema Huautla\u2019s San Agust\u00edn Pit. (Bill Stone)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In 2022, new explorations in Huautla recorded the total length of the system to 100.7 km of passages. To get a little (nine-minute-long) taste of what it\u2019s like to move through America\u2019s deepest cave, watch\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pNnYe1leZKw&amp;ab_channel=DerekBristol\">this English-language YouTube video<\/a>\u00a0showing some of the most breathtaking areas of Huautla.<\/p>\n<p>Also at the end of 2022, Bill Steele, who has been organizing expeditions to Huautla since 2014 \u2014 and has a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemirrhagus_billsteelei\">cave tarantula from the area discovered in 2018 named after him<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 put together a comprehensive report on the discoveries made by scientists over the years from deep inside the labyrinth of pits and passages beneath the little town of Huautla.<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-2\">\n<div id=\"unit-1666901193398\" class=\"tmsads\" data-google-query-id=\"CO7xnuev5P8CFffy4wcd67EErg\">\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/22864350241\/RON\/Ron_In_Content_3_0__container__\"><iframe id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/22864350241\/RON\/Ron_In_Content_3_0\" tabindex=\"0\" title=\"3rd party ad content\" role=\"region\" name=\"google_ads_iframe_\/22864350241\/RON\/Ron_In_Content_3_0\" width=\"728\" height=\"90\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" aria-label=\"Advertisement\" data-load-complete=\"true\" data-google-container-id=\"4\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>And some of the discoveries are surprising\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn 2014,\u201d says Steele, two of us expedition leaders rappelled into a 160-foot-deep entrance pit to recheck the cave for undiscovered additional passages. We found one. Following airflow, we reached a room with large bones. Knowing they weren\u2019t cow or horse bones, photos were taken of them with scale. Back in Texas I tracked down the name and contact information of a prominent Pleistocene paleontologist with INAH in Mexico City.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_223619\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-223619\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-223619 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-11-sm-Skull-of-Shrub-ox-found-in-a-Huautla-Cave.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-11-sm-Skull-of-Shrub-ox-found-in-a-Huautla-Cave.jpg 850w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-11-sm-Skull-of-Shrub-ox-found-in-a-Huautla-Cave-300x283.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-11-sm-Skull-of-Shrub-ox-found-in-a-Huautla-Cave-768x726.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-11-sm-Skull-of-Shrub-ox-found-in-a-Huautla-Cave-150x142.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-11-sm-Skull-of-Shrub-ox-found-in-a-Huautla-Cave-696x658.jpg 696w\" alt=\"Skull of a shrub-ox, which lived during the early Pleistocene, found in a Huautla cave.\" width=\"850\" height=\"803\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-223619\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Skull of a shrub-ox, which lived during the early Pleistocene, found in a Huautla cave. (PESH)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The paleontologist, Dr. Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales, asked Steele if he could send a graduate student to see the cave.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe next year,\u201d says \u00a8Steele, \u201cThe student \u2014 now Dr. Ivan Alarc\u00f3n, an INAH paleontologist \u2014 made an incredible find. His trained eye paid off. While we were showing him the obvious large bones in this chamber of the cave \u2026 he saw the top portion of a large skull barely protruding out of the dirt on the floor.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHe began digging the soft dirt with his bare fingers. Once he saw what it was, he said, \u2018I want to live here!\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Alarc\u00f3n had discovered the only skull that has ever been found belonging to a Pleistocene ground sloth.<\/p>\n<p><i>Meizonyx salvadorensis<\/i>, extinct for 13,000 years, had only been previously identified via a mandible found in El Salvador 40 years before.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe rest of its skeleton,\u201d says Steele, \u201cis still in the cave, and there are plans to retrieve it on an upcoming expedition. There are many other extinct animals to be studied in this treasure trove of ancient bones, and we are consulting with and supporting the right collaborators.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Another animal that entered a Huautla cave and never exited includes\u00a0<i>Odocoileus lucasi<\/i>, the American mountain deer, which was adapted to steep slopes and cli\ufb00s. The remains of several of these deer, extinct for over 11,000 years, are described by cavers Roy Jameson and Frank Binney:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCueva de los P\u00e1jaros,\u201d they say, \u201cwas probably a natural shelter for the American mountain deer. In any case, it was certainly a death trap. At least four individuals jumped, fell or perhaps were driven by predators down the entrance pitch of 40 feet.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_223617\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-223617\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-223617 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-7-sm-American-mtn-deer-skeleton-from-Nuevo-Leon-cave.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-7-sm-American-mtn-deer-skeleton-from-Nuevo-Leon-cave.jpg 850w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-7-sm-American-mtn-deer-skeleton-from-Nuevo-Leon-cave-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-7-sm-American-mtn-deer-skeleton-from-Nuevo-Leon-cave-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-7-sm-American-mtn-deer-skeleton-from-Nuevo-Leon-cave-150x200.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-7-sm-American-mtn-deer-skeleton-from-Nuevo-Leon-cave-300x400.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-7-sm-American-mtn-deer-skeleton-from-Nuevo-Leon-cave-696x928.jpg 696w\" alt=\"American mountain deer skeleton from a cave in Nuevo Le\u00f3n, now on display at the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum.\" width=\"850\" height=\"1133\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-223617\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">American mountain deer skeleton from a cave in Nuevo Le\u00f3n, now on display at the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum. (Dawn Pedersen)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cTwo steep mud banks contain skid marks terminating in tracks. One fully articulated and several partly articulated skeletons of the mountain deer are present, along with scattered bones of at least one other individual. So, they had tumbled down into this final chamber and were not able to get out.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Participants in the Huatla System Speleology Project (PESH) have long wondered just how old the caves are that they are exploring. Fortunately, a technique exists for measuring the decay of uranium-234 into thorium-230, and this has proven highly successful with cave stalagmites.<\/p>\n<p>When Steele contacted Dr. Matthew Lachniet, a top researcher in the field of paleoclimatology, Lachniet told him that there is no existing paleoclimate data for the part of southern Mexico where Huautla is located.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDr. Lachniet,\u201d recalls Steele, \u201casked that we bring out a sample stalagmite from deep in the cave system for him\u00a0to analyze, to determine the quality of the uranium isotope content. One of our teams during the 2018 expedition climbed up ropes from deep in the cave system carrying a 16-inch-long stalagmite.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_223620\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-223620\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-223620 td-animation-stack-type0-2\" src=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-12-sm-Stalagmite-from-Sistema-Huautla-being-studied-for-climate-change.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-12-sm-Stalagmite-from-Sistema-Huautla-being-studied-for-climate-change.jpg 850w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-12-sm-Stalagmite-from-Sistema-Huautla-being-studied-for-climate-change-220x300.jpg 220w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-12-sm-Stalagmite-from-Sistema-Huautla-being-studied-for-climate-change-751x1024.jpg 751w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-12-sm-Stalagmite-from-Sistema-Huautla-being-studied-for-climate-change-768x1047.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-12-sm-Stalagmite-from-Sistema-Huautla-being-studied-for-climate-change-150x205.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-12-sm-Stalagmite-from-Sistema-Huautla-being-studied-for-climate-change-300x409.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mexiconewsdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Copy-of-12-sm-Stalagmite-from-Sistema-Huautla-being-studied-for-climate-change-696x949.jpg 696w\" alt=\"Stalagmite from Sistema Huautla that is being studied to understand ancient climate change. \" width=\"850\" height=\"1159\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-223620\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stalagmite from Sistema Huautla that is being studied to understand ancient climate change. (PESH)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The scientist found the quality of the sample \u201creally fantastic,\u201d says Steele, so, in 2022, an even better stalagmite sample was brought out. This one had a tip that was 114,000 years old and a base that was 342,000 years old.<\/p>\n<p>Layers in between, like tree rings, told the story of the climate in this part of Mexico, of monsoons and glacials.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI\u2019ve rarely seen tropical stalagmites this good,\u201d wrote Lachniet. \u201cThe dating is exceptional in this cave. It could be the Rosetta Stone for Mexico\u2019s paleoclimate!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDr. Lachniet,\u201d adds Steele, \u201cintends to join our next expedition.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><i>The writer has lived near Guadalajara, Jalisco, since 1985. His most recent book is<\/i>\u00a0Outdoors in Western Mexico, Volume Three.\u00a0<i>More of his writing can be found on his<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/ranchopint.blogspot.com\/\">\u00a0<i>blog<\/i><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abbe Hamilton rappelling into the remote La Grieta section of Sistema Huautla. (Niles Lathrop) Share In the 1960\u2019s, a group of cave explorers from Austin, Texas, got the idea that the state of Oaxaca was the right place to search for that really deep cave they had long dreamed of finding. They had been studying [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[165],"class_list":["post-83","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-english-news","tag-oaxaca-has-americas-deepest-cave-whats-been-discovered-inside-it"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Oaxaca has America\u2019s deepest cave; what\u2019s been discovered inside it? - Polanco420.com - Comprar Marihuana 420 Polanco CDMX - Envios a todo Mexico - Whatsapp: 00528135669557 \u2013 Eva Whatsapp Secundario : 00528132769756 Mike -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Oaxaca has America\u2019s deepest cave; what\u2019s been discovered inside it?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/polanco420.com\/?p=83\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oaxaca has America\u2019s deepest cave; what\u2019s been discovered inside it? 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